Ferrite toroidal cores, as well as beads, can be very useful in attenuation
of unwanted RF signals but we do not claim them to be a cure-all for all RFI
problems. There are different types of noise sources, each of which may
require a different approach. When dealing with any noise problem it is
helpful to know the frequency of the interference. This is valuable when
trying to determine the correct material as well as the maximum turns count.
RFI emanating from such sources as computers, flashing signs, switching
devices, diathermy machines, etc. are very rich in harmonics and can create
noise in the high and very high frequency regions. For this type of
interference, the #43 material is probably the best choice since it has very
good attenuation in the 20 MHz to 400 MHz region. Some noise problems may
require additional filtering with hi-pass or low-pass filters. If the noise
is of the differential-mode type, and AC line filter may be required. See
the section on AC line
filters and DC
chokes.
In some cases the selected core will allow only one pass of the
conductor, which is considered to be one turn. In other cases it may be
possible to wind several turns on to the core. When installing additional
cores on the same conductor, impedance will be additive. When multiple turns
are passed through a core, the impedance increases proportional to the
square of the number of turns.
Keep in mind that because of the wide overlap in frequency range of the
various materials, more than one material can provide acceptable results.
Normally, the #43 material is recommended for frequency attenuation above 30
MHz, the #77 and 'F' materials for the amateur, and the 'J' material for
frequencies lower than the amateur band. 'W' and 'H' materials are for very
low frequencies (below 1 MHz).
Computers are notorious for RF radiation, especially some of the older
models which were made when RFI requirements were quite minimal. RFI can
radiate from inter-connecting cables, AC power cords and even from the
cabinet itself. ALL of these sources must be eliminated before complete
satisfaction can be achieved. First, examine the computer cabinet to make
sure that good shielding and grounding practices have been followed. If not,
do what you can to correct it. If you suspect that RF is feeding back to the
AC power system from your computer, wrap the power cord through an FT240-77
or F toroidal core 6 to 9 times. This will act as an RF choke on the power
cord and should prevent RF from feeding back into the power system where it
can affect other electronic devices.
It is possible for an unwanted RF signal to enter a piece of equipment by
more than one path. If so, ALL of these paths must be blocked before a
noticable effect is detected. Don't overlook the fact that RFI may be
entering the equipment by radiation directly from your antenna feed line due
to high SWR. This, of course, can be checked with an SWR meter, and can be
corrected by installing an antenna balun, or by placing a few ferrite beads,
or sleeves, over the transmission line at the antenna feed point. This
should prevent RF reflection back into the outside shield of the coax feed
line, which could radiate RFI.
Split bars are especially designed for computer flat ribbon cables. Two
or more cores can be placed on the same cable, in such case the impedance
will be additive. See the following page for more specific information.
RFI in telephones can be substantially reduced with the insertion of an
RF choke in each side of the talk circuit. Wind two FT50A-J cores with about
20 turns each of #26 enameled wire. If possible, place one in each side of
the talk circuit within the telephone base. If this is not possible, try
mounting them in a small box with phone modular input and output jacks
mounted in each end. This can now be used 'in-line' between the phone and
the wall jack. Similar results can be achieved by winding 6 to 9 turns of
the telephone- to- wall cable through an FT140A-J ferrite toroidal core.